./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
--user=nobody \
--group=nobody \
--error-log-path=/data/log/nginx/error.log \
--http-log-path=/data/log/nginx/access.log \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_v2_module \
--with-http_dav_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-pcre \
--with-file-aio \
--add-module=/usr/local/src/nginx-http-concat \
--add-module=/usr/local/src/lua-nginx-module \
--add-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_devel_kit \
--add-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_brotli \
--with-http_image_filter_module \
--with-openssl=/usr/local/src/openssl
nginx 配置实践
背景介绍
tool.lu 上线后的这6年多,对nginx这块的配置一直都在跟进和改进;本文将会介绍在实践中遇到的问题和解决办法。
编译参数
依赖的第三方模块
模块 | 描述 | 下载地址 |
---|---|---|
nginx-http-concat |
阿里出品的css,js合并插件 |
|
lua-nginx-module |
openresty的核心模块 |
|
ngx_devel_kit |
openresty需要依赖这个模块 |
|
ngx_brotli |
Google出品的brotli压缩算法 |
编译命令
基本配置
http到https的跳转
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.tool.lu tool.lu;
access_log off;
error_log /dev/null crit;
return 301 https://tool.lu$request_uri;
}
www到根域名的跳转
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
server_name www.tool.lu;
ssl_certificate vhosts/***.crt;
ssl_certificate_key vhosts/***.key;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4:!DH:!DHE;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;
ssl_session_timeout 1d;
access_log off;
error_log /dev/null crit;
return 301 https://tool.lu$request_uri;
}
更高效压缩算法的配置
http {
# ...
brotli on;
brotli_comp_level 6;
brotli_buffers 16 8k;
brotli_min_length 20;
brotli_types *;
# ...
}
server主体配置
upstream php_sever {
server 127.0.0.1:9000 weight=10;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2 reuseport; # fastopen=3
server_name tool.lu;
ssl_certificate ***.crt;
ssl_certificate_key ***.key;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4:!DH:!DHE;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;
ssl_session_timeout 1d;
root /path/to/public/directory;
index index.html index.php;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 429 /429.html;
# error_page 500 502 503 504 /500.html;
access_log /data/log/nginx/tool.lu.access.log;
error_log /data/log/nginx/tool.lu.error.log;
add_header Content-Security-Policy upgrade-insecure-requests;
add_header Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only "default-src *; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' *.tool.lu *.baidu.com; object-src 'none'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' *.tool.lu *.baidu.com; img-src 'self' data: *.tool.lu *.href.lu *.baidu.com; media-src 'none'; child-src 'self' *.tool.lu; font-src *.tool.lu *.alicdn.com; connect-src 'self' *.tool.lu *.baidu.com *.alicdn.com; report-uri //analytics.tool.lu/csp";
# add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN; # coderunner embed cannot
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
# HSTS
add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15768000;
add_header X-UA-Compatible "IE=Edge";
add_header X-Request-Id $request_id;
add_header X-Request-Start $msec;
add_header X-Backend-Server $hostname;
if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST|OPTIONS)$ ) {
return 405;
}
access_by_lua_file script/detect_blacklist.lua;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$query_string;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass php_sever;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $realpath_root;
# fastcgi_param HTTP_HOST $host
}
location ~ /\.(ht|git|svn) {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^/status$ {
access_log off;
allow 127.0.0.0/24;
deny all;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass php_sever;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $realpath_root;
}
location ~ ^/nginx_status$ {
stub_status on;
}
# ...
}
高级配置
nginx进程模型
nginx: master process
\_ nginx: worker process
\_ nginx: worker process
\_ nginx: worker process
\_ nginx: worker process
从网上找了一张open resty生命周期的图临摹了一下
IP黑名单
实现
1、进程启动的时候由一个进程load redis中的黑名单数据到nginx的共享变量中
2、redis中的数据可以由web控制台修改,挑选worker 0作为定时任务的执行者,定时将redis中的最新数据同步到nginx的共享变量中
3、nginx每次接收到访问请求的时候,判断是否攻击请求,如果命中将ip写入nginx的共享变量和redis中
local redis_host = "127.0.0.1"
local redis_port = 6379
local redis_connection_timeout = 100
local redis_key = "security:ip:blacklist"
local ip_blacklist = ngx.shared.ip_blacklist
local redis = require "resty.redis"
local delay = 1 * 3600
local handler
handler = function()
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "run handler...")
local red = redis:new()
red:set_timeout(redis_connection_timeout)
local ok, err = red:connect(redis_host, redis_port)
if not ok then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Redis connection error" .. err)
else
-- local new_ip_blacklist, err = red:smembers(redis_key)
local batch = 100
local lastCursor = "0"
repeat
local res, err = red:sscan(redis_key, lastCursor, "count", batch)
if err then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Redis read error" .. err)
break
end
local cursor, values, err = unpack(res)
for index, banned_ip in ipairs(values) do
ip_blacklist:set(banned_ip, true)
end
lastCursor = cursor
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "sscan cursor:", cursor)
until cursor == "0"
end
red:close()
end
if 0 == ngx.worker.id() then
local ok, err = ngx.timer.at(0, handler)
if not ok then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "failed to create the timer: ", err)
end
local ok, err = ngx.timer.every(delay, handler)
if not ok then
ngx.log(ngx.DEBUG, "failed to create the timer: ", err)
end
end
问题和解决办法
1、redis set 慢慢变大,达到9w+, nginx lua一开始使用了smembers,引起了redis慢查询; 使用 sscan 解决了 redis 慢查询的问题
2、原来nginx每个进程都会起一个timer同步redis中的数据,这样就会比较浪费; 使用 ngx.worker.id() 获取 worker 的id 进行绑定(进程kill之后,master会再起一个进程,这个进程会继承原进程的id)
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