杠杆点。在一个系统中进行干预的地方

Folks who do systems analysis have a great belief in “leverage points.” These are places within a complex system (a corporation, an economy, a living body, a city, an ecosystem) where a small shift in one thing can produce big changes in everything.

做系统分析的人对 "杠杆点 "有很大的信心。这些是一个复杂系统（一个公司、一个经济、一个生物体、一个城市、一个生态系统）中的一些地方，在这些地方，一件事的微小转变就能给所有事情带来巨大变化。

This idea is not unique to systems analysis — it’s embedded in legend. The silver bullet, the trimtab, the miracle cure, the secret passage, the magic password, the single hero who turns the tide of history. The nearly effortless way to cut through or leap over huge obstacles. We not only want to believe that there are leverage points, we want to know where they are and how to get our hands on them. Leverage points are points of power.

这种想法不是系统分析所独有的--它蕴含在传说中。银色的子弹，三叉戟，神奇的疗法，秘密的通道，神奇的密码，扭转历史潮流的单一英雄。几乎不费吹灰之力就能穿过或跃过巨大的障碍。我们不仅想相信有杠杆点，我们还想知道它们在哪里以及如何获得它们。杠杆点是权力点。

The systems analysis community has a lot of lore about leverage points. Those of us who were trained by the great Jay Forrester at MIT have all absorbed one of his favorite stories. “People know intuitively where leverage points are,” he says. “Time after time I’ve done an analysis of a company, and I’ve figured out a leverage point — in inventory policy, maybe, or in the relationship between sales force and productive force, or in personnel policy. Then I’ve gone to the company and discovered that there’s already a lot of attention to that point. Everyone is trying very hard to push it IN THE WRONG DIRECTION!”

系统分析界有很多关于杠杆点的传说。我们中那些在麻省理工学院接受过伟大的杰伊-福雷斯特培训的人都吸收了他最喜欢的一个故事。"他说："人们凭直觉就知道杠杆点在哪里。"一次又一次，我对一家公司进行了分析，我发现了一个杠杆点--也许是在库存政策方面，或者是在销售队伍和生产队伍之间的关系方面，或者是在人事政策方面。然后我去了公司，发现已经有很多人在关注这个点。每个人都在极力把它推向错误的方向！"

The classic example of that backward intuition was my own introduction to systems analysis, the world model. Asked by the Club of Rome to show how major global problems — poverty and hunger, environmental destruction, resource depletion, urban deterioration, unemployment — are related and how they might be solved, Forres...