DXF generation and validation

Provenance: maintained in earthtojake/text-to-cad. Use the installed local skill files as the runtime source of truth; the repository link is only for provenance and release review.

Setup

This skill's commands are thin entrypoints over the cadgen distribution, which carries the Python build runtime and the JavaScript it executes. Install it once:

python -m pip install -r requirements.txt

Drawings are build123d geometry, so a drawing build loads the CAD kernel like a STEP build does (~2.5s cold; the warm daemon absorbs it on re-runs). Only cadgen dxf snapshot additionally needs Node 20 or newer on PATH — it meshes the flat pattern on demand through a bundled Node one-shot; a missing node is reported at render time.

Purpose

Create or modify 2D DXF drawings from natural-language requirements or from CAD geometry, generate validated drawing artifacts, and return checked outputs. A DXF drawing's source of truth is a Python file named <name>.py defining one parameterless @dxf model function.

A drawing is a model. It has the same wrapper, record, freshness gate and build job a @step part has; its one output is the .dxf file; it has no geometry tree (nothing links to a drawing). Every run writes the sibling <name>.dxf (or the out= the decorator names); an unchanged source is a no-op; a drawing that calls a part model — bracket() inside its body — is stale whenever that part's GEOMETRY changes and current when it does not; cadgen store why <drawing>.py explains the verdict; --force rebuilds it anyway. The CAD Viewer and dxf snapshot read the .dxf file itself, so the file you hand a cutting service and the file the viewer renders are one and the same.

The contract

A @dxf function takes no parameters and returns build123d 2D geometry. The engine writes the DXF. You never construct a document, name a file, or place an entity — the same division of labor @step has.

from cadgen import build123d as bd
from cadgen import dxf


HOLE_D = 4.5


@dxf
def gasket():
    with bd.BuildSketch() as cut:
        bd.Rectangle(60, 40)
        bd.Circle(HOLE_D / 2, mode=bd.Mode.SUBTRACT)
    return cut.sketch          # bare shape -> the CUT layer


if __name__ == "__main__":
    gasket()

• Bare shape → one CUT layer. That is the whole contract for most drawings.
• {layer: shape} → named layers, when the drawing genuinely has more than one CAM operation (CUT / ENGRAVE / SCORE). A Compound whose children are all labelled means the same thing.
• No parameters. Dimensions are module constants (HOLE_D = 4.5) or constants imported from the part the drawing derives from; a different drawing is a different file.
• Text is bd.Text(...) engraved OUTLINES on a marking layer, never a DXF TEXT entity: cut and marking toolchains consume geometry, and font rendering inside CAM is unreliable.
• Geometry must lie in the XY plane. A face taken from a solid sits at that solid's height; relocate it (flatten.flatten_face(face), or bd.Location((0, 0, -z)) * face). The engine REFUSES off-plane geometry rather than silently writing its XY shadow.
• Output bytes are a function of the geometry. Layers are sorted by name and entities by geometric content, so an unchanged drawing rebuilds to an identical file, cold or warm, on any machine.

The three DXF workflows

Copy the full template for the applicable workflow from references/generator-templates.md when creating a new drawing.

1. Drafted from scratch (gaskets, panels, templates, cut layouts with no 3D model behind them): a <name>.py that builds sketches and returns them.

2. Flat pattern of a generated STEP part: a drawing script beside the model it derives from, with its OWN stem (one model per file — bracket_drawing.py beside bracket.py). Import the model and call it, exactly as an assembly composes a child: importing never builds, and inside the drawing's build the call returns the part's geometry (building the part first if it is stale).

   from cadgen import dxf, flatten
   from bracket import bracket        # a child: tracked by its RESULT
   
   KERF = 0.15
   
   
   @dxf
   def bracket_drawing():
       return flatten.flat_pattern(bracket(), coordinate=3.0, kerf=KERF)
   
   
   if __name__ == "__main__":
       bracket_drawing()
   

   The drawing's record pins the part's tree, so a part edit that changes its geometry makes the drawing stale, and one that does not (a comment, a refactor, a colour) leaves it current. Constants imported from the part (from bracket import THICKNESS) are tracked by value the same way.

3. Flat pattern of an imported STEP (a .step/.stp with no Python source): read it with cadgen.read_step, not build123d.import_step. It records the file's content hash as a build INPUT, so replacing the vendor STEP makes the drawing stale on its own, with no --force; read it through build123d and the drawing stays "current" against a file that changed underneath it.

   from pathlib import Path
   
   from cadgen import dxf, flatten, read_step
   
   _HERE = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
   
   KERF = 0.15
   
   
   @dxf
   def panel_flat():
       panel = read_step(_HERE / "imported" / "vendor_panel.step")   # recorded input
       return flatten.flat_pattern(panel, coordinate=3.0, kerf=KERF)
   
   
   if __name__ == "__main__":
       panel_flat()
   

   Never read a STEP this project generates. Reading the .step a @step model writes is not a loop, it is a drawing whose input changes on every run of the model: the freshness gate can never say "current", every build is a full rebuild, and the flat pattern depends on what the last run left on disk. Keep source STEPs in an imported/ directory beside the drawing, committed like any other input — input path and output path being different files is the whole rule. For a STEP this project DOES generate, use workflow 2 instead: import the model script and call it, which is tracked by result and never touches an artifact.

One model per file: a source declaring both a @step and a @dxf model is rejected — a drawing gets its own script. A drawing composes models, never the reverse: calling a @dxf function from a @step body is just its 2D geometry and links nothing. The viewer catalog is artifacts-only: scripts never list; the .dxf the run writes is the entry the viewer renders.

Use this skill when

Use this skill when the user asks for DXF files, 2D drawings, profiles, outlines, templates, gaskets, panels, flat patterns, or cut layouts for laser, plasma, waterjet, or CNC routing.

Use $cad for the 3D part or assembly a DXF derives from. Use $sendcutsend for SendCutSend-specific upload preflight.

Defaults

Use these defaults unless the user specifies otherwise:

• Units: millimeters. The engine sets them; a drawing never declares units.
• Geometry lives at 1:1 scale in the XY plane.
• Cut profiles close. Open contours belong on bend/engrave/reference layers — generation validation enforces this (see Validation).
• For CAD-backed parts, derive contours from the real topology with cadgen.flatten rather than redrawing them: planar_faces selects, flatten_face lays a face into XY exactly, union_faces fuses, and flat_pattern does all of it in one call. Hand-drawn parametric outlines only when there is no reliable 3D topology.
• Kerf / tool-radius compensation is flatten.offset_profile(shape, amount) or flat_pattern(..., kerf=...); never hand-offset coordinates.
• Curves stay curves. The union and the offset are exact OCC operations, so a filleted corner exports as an ARC and a hole as a CIRCLE, kerf included. A profile that comes out as hundreds of short LINEs means something fell back to the sampled path — investigate rather than accept it.
• Layers carry intent: keep cut geometry and bend/fold lines on separate layers, and include "bend" in bend-layer names so downstream tools classify them as bends rather than cuts.
• DXF layers are drawing structure, not STEP part/assembly structure.

Tool

python <drawing>.py [flags]                    # its __main__ calls the @dxf model, which writes the .dxf
cadgen dxf snapshot <drawing.dxf> <file.png>   # render it
cadgen store why <drawing>.py                  # why the drawing is stale or current

Running the script (its __main__ call) is the only door. There is no cadgen dxf build: a .dxf has no derived state a command must materialize — the file IS the product, the CAD Viewer parses it directly, and dxf snapshot meshes it on demand. The drawing's gate makes a rebuild cheap: an unchanged source whose .dxf still verifies and whose part children are unchanged is a no-op, and --force rebuilds anyway. The bytes are a function of the drawing's GEOMETRY, so a cold run and a warm daemon worker write the same file. Builds never wait on or cancel one another; a drawing that calls parts builds them in parallel like any parent.

An imported .dxf needs nothing at all — hand it straight to snapshot or the Viewer.

Use the active project Python interpreter; treat python as an interpreter placeholder, and use --help for the full interface. Target paths resolve from the command's current working directory; run from the workspace that owns the artifacts with cwd-relative target paths. Keep a drawing script in the same directory as the geometry it derives from, named <name>.py.

Flags (a model script runs itself; there is no generation CLI):

• --force — regenerate even when the recorded output is current.
• --verbose, --json.

A run answers on stdout exactly as a STEP model's does — built DXF/plate_drawing.dxf or current DXF/plate_drawing.dxf — with progress on stderr; --json makes the result one JSON line (outcome, document, and tree, which is null for a drawing) and the progress one JSON line per transition.

One script, one drawing: run each script you want built. Do not put output paths in the @dxf function's return value; out= on the decorator is the only place a drawing names its destination (relative to the script).

cadgen dxf snapshot renders a drawing's 3D flat pattern to a PNG still:

cadgen dxf snapshot path/to/imported.dxf review.png
cadgen dxf snapshot path/to/drawing.dxf review.png --camera top

It takes the .dxf document only — a model script is refused by name (run python <drawing>.py, then snapshot the drawing it wrote). The command meshes the flat pattern on demand through the bundled Node one-shot and renders it through the shared snapshot CLI (cadgen.snapshot_cli) and the same headless browser runtime every rendering skill uses — so geometry and materials render identically to the CAD Viewer; the default snapshot theme differs from the viewport only by dropping the grid, origin axis and shadows.

OUT — the second positional — is written exactly as given, with a relative path resolved against the current working directory. The target is deleted before the render starts and the finished image is written atomically, so: reuse one name while iterating (every read is provably the render you just ran), name the iterations when you genuinely need to compare two, and treat a missing file as the failure signal — there is never an older image at the path to mistake for output. A directory (tmp/ as OUT) is the don't-care case and gets a generated timestamped name inside it, printed on the saved snapshot: line.

Grammar: cadgen dxf snapshot TARGET [OUT] [flags]. Flags: --mode view|list, --camera, --theme, --size-profile, --width/--height, --job, --view-labels, --debug, --json. Theme settings live under one --theme, mirroring the viewer's Theme tab; the default theme is snapshot, Workbench Light without the ground grid, origin axis or shadows. The command has no --display, and no selector, kinematics, section or exploded options at all — they are absent from --help rather than refused at runtime, because a drawing carries no CAD topology and display settings are CAD topology settings.

No CLI inspects an existing .dxf. For entity/layer checks read it with ezdxf directly (it arrives with build123d), and validate_dxf_file for the drawing checks; review geometry visually with $cad-viewer.

Workflow

1. Convert the request into a short brief: outline dimensions, holes and slots, layers, units, output path, and validation targets.
2. Pick the workflow: drafted from scratch, flat pattern of a generated model (create and validate the 3D geometry with $cad first), or flat pattern of an imported STEP.
3. Write or edit the <name>.py source with meaningful dimensions as named constants, reusing the model's geometry helpers instead of duplicating formulas.
4. Run each drawing script directly (python <drawing>.py); do not sweep directories.

python path/to/source.py
python path/to/source.py --force

5. Validate the generated DXF deterministically, then hand off and report.

Viewer integration

The CAD Viewer catalogs .dxf files only (artifacts, never scripts) and is a static visualization tool: it renders the .dxf that exists on disk (parsing and meshing it itself — 2D line work for dimensioned drawings, a fold-able 3D flat pattern for cut layouts) and never runs a script. A drawing with no .dxf yet simply does not appear until its script has been run; regenerating after edits is likewise the script's job. There is no in-viewer export. An imported .dxf renders directly with no artifact management.

Validation

Validation happens IN generation, not after: every @dxf build runs the drawing checks on the document the engine just serialized, before anything is written, and a build with error findings fails. The checks: cut-layer profiles must close (polylines, circles, or chained line/arc loops), zero-length/degenerate entities are rejected, exact duplicate geometry (double-cut risk) is rejected, explicitly unitless documents are rejected, and an empty modelspace is rejected. Open geometry is allowed only on bend/engrave/reference-intent layers (matched by name).

The same checks run post-hoc on any existing .dxf file — including one that never came from a generator — through cadgen.drawing_checks:

from cadgen.drawing_checks import validate_dxf_file

for finding in validate_dxf_file("path/to/file.dxf"):
    print(finding.render())

Beyond the built-in checks, verify requested dimensions with targeted ezdxf reads (entity counts by layer, drawing extents, every dimension the user specified) against the generated sibling .dxf (or the out= path when one is declared), and review geometry visually in the CAD Viewer:

import ezdxf

doc = ezdxf.readfile("path/to/source.dxf")
msp = doc.modelspace()
cut = msp.query('*[layer=="CUT"]')
holes = msp.query('CIRCLE[layer=="CUT"]')

Report only checks that actually ran.

Handoff

After creating or modifying DXF drawings, you must ALWAYS hand the explicit .dxf file path(s) to $cad-viewer when that skill is installed and include its live viewer link(s) in the final response. If $cad-viewer is unavailable or startup fails, report that and rely on ezdxf checks instead of silently omitting the handoff.

Final responses should include generated files, returned viewer links, validation actually run, and assumptions.