Agent Skills
› fanfan-de/anybox
› swiftui-ui-patterns
swiftui-ui-patterns
GitHub指导构建和重构 SwiftUI UI，涵盖导航、状态、布局和组件模式。提供新项目脚手架及现有项目开发指南，强调使用现代状态管理、组合式视图设计、异步处理及特定场景（如 Sheet、滚动揭示）的最佳实践。
Trigger Scenarios
需要创建新的 SwiftUI 项目结构
在现有项目中实现或重构 UI 界面
处理 SwiftUI 状态管理和数据流问题
设计导航、列表、详情或设置页面
Install
npx skills add fanfan-de/anybox --skill swiftui-ui-patterns -g -y
SKILL.md
Frontmatter
{
"name": "swiftui-ui-patterns",
"description": "Build and refactor SwiftUI UI with component patterns and examples. Use when shaping navigation, state, layouts, controls, or screen composition."
}
SwiftUI UI Patterns
Quick start
Choose a track based on your goal:
Existing project
- Identify the feature or screen and the primary interaction model (list, detail, editor, settings, tabbed).
- Find a nearby example in the repo with
rg "TabView\("or similar, then read the closest SwiftUI view. - Apply local conventions: prefer SwiftUI-native state, keep state local when possible, and use environment injection for shared dependencies.
- Choose the relevant component reference from
references/components-index.mdand follow its guidance. - If the interaction reveals secondary content by dragging or scrolling the primary content away, read
references/scroll-reveal.mdbefore implementing gestures manually. - Build the view with small, focused subviews and SwiftUI-native data flow.
New project scaffolding
- Start with
references/app-wiring.mdto wire TabView + NavigationStack + sheets. - Add a minimal
AppTabandRouterPathbased on the provided skeletons. - Choose the next component reference based on the UI you need first (TabView, NavigationStack, Sheets).
- Expand the route and sheet enums as new screens are added.
General rules to follow
- Use modern SwiftUI state (
@State,@Binding,@Observable,@Environment) and avoid unnecessary view models. - If the deployment target includes iOS 16 or earlier and cannot use the Observation API introduced in iOS 17, fall back to
ObservableObjectwith@StateObjectfor root ownership,@ObservedObjectfor injected observation, and@EnvironmentObjectonly for truly shared app-level state. - Prefer composition; keep views small and focused.
- Use async/await with
.taskand explicit loading/error states. For restart, cancellation, and debouncing guidance, readreferences/async-state.md. - Keep shared app services in
@Environment, but prefer explicit initializer injection for feature-local dependencies and models. For root wiring patterns, readreferences/app-wiring.md. - Prefer the newest SwiftUI API that fits the deployment target and call out the minimum OS whenever a pattern depends on it.
- Maintain existing legacy patterns only when editing legacy files.
- Follow the project's formatter and style guide.
- Sheets: Prefer
.sheet(item:)over.sheet(isPresented:)when state represents a selected model. Avoidif letinside a sheet body. Sheets should own their actions and calldismiss()internally instead of forwardingonCancel/onConfirmclosures. - Scroll-driven reveals: Prefer deriving a normalized progress value from scroll offset and driving the visual state from that single source of truth. Avoid parallel gesture state machines unless scroll alone cannot express the interaction.
State ownership summary
Use the narrowest state tool that matches the ownership model:
| Scenario | Preferred pattern |
|---|---|
| Local UI state owned by one view | @State |
| Child mutates parent-owned value state | @Binding |
| Root-owned reference model on iOS 17+ | @State with an @Observable type |
Child reads or mutates an injected @Observable model on iOS 17+ |
Pass it explicitly as a stored property |
| Shared app service or configuration | @Environment(Type.self) |
| Legacy reference model on iOS 16 and earlier | @StateObject at the root, @ObservedObject when injected |
Choose the ownership location first, then pick the wrapper. Do not introduce a reference model when plain value state is enough.
Cross-cutting references
- In addition to the references below, use web search to consult current Apple Developer documentation when SwiftUI APIs, availability, or platform guidance may have changed.
references/navigationstack.md: navigation ownership, per-tab history, and enum routing.references/sheets.md: centralized modal presentation and enum-driven sheets.references/deeplinks.md: URL handling and routing external links into app destinations.references/app-wiring.md: root dependency graph, environment usage, and app shell wiring.references/async-state.md:.task,.task(id:), cancellation, debouncing, and async UI state.references/previews.md:#Preview, fixtures, mock environments, and isolated preview setup.references/performance.md: stable identity, observation scope, lazy containers, and render-cost guardrails.
Anti-patterns
- Giant views that mix layout, business logic, networking, routing, and formatting in one file.
- Multiple boolean flags for mutually exclusive sheets, alerts, or navigation destinations.
- Live service calls directly inside
body-driven code paths instead of view lifecycle hooks or injected models/services. - Reaching for
AnyViewto work around type mismatches that should be solved with better composition. - Defaulting every shared dependency to
@EnvironmentObjector a global router without a clear ownership reason.
Workflow for a new SwiftUI view
- Define the view's state, ownership location, and minimum OS assumptions before writing UI code.
- Identify which dependencies belong in
@Environmentand which should stay as explicit initializer inputs. - Sketch the view hierarchy, routing model, and presentation points; extract repeated parts into subviews. For complex navigation, read
references/navigationstack.md,references/sheets.md, orreferences/deeplinks.md. Build and verify no compiler errors before proceeding. - Implement async loading with
.taskor.task(id:), plus explicit loading and error states when needed. Readreferences/async-state.mdwhen the work depends on changing inputs or cancellation. - Add previews for the primary and secondary states, then add accessibility labels or identifiers when the UI is interactive. Read
references/previews.mdwhen the view needs fixtures or injected mock dependencies. - Validate with a build: confirm no compiler errors, check that previews render without crashing, ensure state changes propagate correctly, and sanity-check that list identity and observation scope will not cause avoidable re-renders. Read
references/performance.mdif the screen is large, scroll-heavy, or frequently updated. For common SwiftUI compilation errors — missing@Stateannotations, ambiguousViewBuilderclosures, or mismatched generic types — resolve them before updating callsites. If the build fails: read the error message carefully, fix the identified issue, then rebuild before proceeding to the next step. If a preview crashes, isolate the offending subview, confirm its state initialisation is valid, and re-run the preview before continuing.
Component references
Use references/components-index.md as the entry point. Each component reference should include:
- Intent and best-fit scenarios.
- Minimal usage pattern with local conventions.
- Pitfalls and performance notes.
- Paths to existing examples in the current repo.
Adding a new component reference
- Create
references/<component>.md. - Keep it short and actionable; link to concrete files in the current repo.
- Update
references/components-index.mdwith the new entry.
Version History
- 08dc189 Current 2026-07-05 18:55
