六边形架构：实用指南

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In today’s fast-paced development environment, organising code effectively is critical for building scalable, maintainable, and testable applications. While many developers rely on layered architecture, this often leads to challenges with tight coupling, domain leakage, and difficulty in testing.
Hexagonal Architecture is a pattern that offers flexibility and a clean separation between business logic and technical details.

在当今快节奏的开发环境中，有效地组织代码对于构建可扩展、可维护和可测试的应用程序至关重要。虽然许多开发人员依赖分层架构，但这通常会导致紧耦合、领域泄漏和测试困难的问题。
六边形架构 是一种提供灵活性和业务逻辑与技术细节之间清晰分离的模式。

**_A little background:
_My journey with Hexagonal Architecture started in 2020, thanks to my colleague Alexey, who introduced me to the concept. Back then, we found only a few theoretical articles and struggled with vague examples, leading us to hours of experimentation. In this article, I want to demystify Hexagonal Architecture and provide a practical implementation guide using Java and Spring.

**_一点背景介绍:
_我的六边形架构之旅始于2020年，感谢我的同事Alexey，他向我介绍了这个概念。那时，我们只找到了一些理论文章，并且在模糊的示例中挣扎，导致我们花费了数小时进行实验。在本文中，我想揭开六边形架构的神秘面纱，并提供一个使用Java和Spring的实用实现指南 。

Why Move Away from Layered Architecture?

为什么要远离分层架构？

Layered architecture has long been the default approach for structuring applications, and it’s served us well. For many straightforward projects, it provides a familiar and logical way to organise code, separating concerns like controllers, services, and repositories. However, as applications grow and evolve, layered architecture can become a barrier rather than a benefit. Let’s look at some of the common limitations:

分层架构长期以来一直是构建应用程序的默认方法，并且它为我们提供了良好的服务。对于许多简单的项目，它提供了一种熟悉且逻辑的代码组织方式，分离了控制器、服务和存储库等关注点。然而，随着应用程序的增长和演变，分层架构可能成为障碍而不是优势。让我们看看一些常见的限制：

• Tight Coupling: Components within layered architectures often become interdependent, making it difficult to adapt or replace specific layers without impacting others. This tight coupling reduces flexibility when your application needs to evolve or integrate with new technologies.
• 紧耦合：分层架构中的组件往往会变得相互依赖，使得在不影响其他层的情况下适...