区块链技术：改变供应链游戏规则的技术

Blockchain is a groundbreaking emerging technology that employs a decentralised and immutable digital ledger. This allows multiple participants to validate and agree upon transactions and ensures distributed consensus. As a result, it eliminates the need for a centralised authority, enhancing trust in the system. While its use cases can be extended to any system that benefits from the above properties, in this article, we will delve into the practical implementation of blockchain technology within Supply Chain Management and examine the significant advantages it can offer to the SCM industry.

区块链是一种开创性的新兴技术，采用去中心化和不可变的数字分类帐。这使得多个参与者可以验证和同意交易，并确保分布式共识。因此，它消除了对中央机构的需求，增强了对系统的信任。虽然其用例可以扩展到任何受益于上述属性的系统，但在本文中，我们将深入探讨区块链技术在供应链管理中的实际实现，并研究它可以为SCM行业提供的重大优势。

A quick and brief introduction to blockchain

区块链的快速简介

Blockchain is a distributed digital ledger that records transactions stored in a chain of blocks. It is distributed, because it is stored and maintained by anyone in the system. Its strong cryptographic principles makes it very secure and almost impossible to be tampered with. To verify that a transaction is legitimate, the entire blockchain can be downloaded and all the blocks pertaining to the given account can be processed to verify if it is a valid transaction.

区块链是一种分布式数字分类帐，记录存储在一系列块中的交易。它是分布式的，因为它由系统中的任何人存储和维护。其强大的加密原则使其非常安全，几乎不可能被篡改。为了验证交易的合法性，可以下载整个区块链并处理与给定帐户相关的所有块，以验证其是否为有效交易。

A simple representation of a blockchain

区块链的简单表示

For example, consider the following blocks:

例如，考虑以下块：

Sample amount transfer in a blockchain

区块链中的样本金额转移

To understand this, let us consider a blockchain system to record the exchange of currency (like bitcoin/ethereum) where transactions are recorded in a series of blocks. Each block contains a record of currency being sent from one party to another. Imagine there are three parties involved: Account 1, Account 2, and Account 3. To make sure that the transactions in the later blocks (like block n+1 and n+2) are legitimate, we need to start with the first block, which is block n, and v...