大家的产品管理心智模式

Mental models are simple expressions of complex processes or relationships. These models are accumulated over time by an individual and used to make faster and better decisions.

心理模型是复杂过程或关系的简单表达。这些模型由个人长期积累，并用于做出更快、更好的决策。

Here’s an example: the Pareto Principle states that roughly 80% of all outputs comes from 20% of the effort.

这里有一个例子：该帕累托原则指出，大约80%的产出来自20%的努力。

In the context of product management, the model suggests that instead of trying to create 100% of the customer opportunity, you may want to look for how to do 20% of the effort and solve 80% of the opportunity. Product teams make this trade off all the time, and the results often looks like feature launches where 20% of customers with more complicated use cases aren’t supported.

在产品管理的背景下，该模型表明，与其试图创造100%的客户机会，不如寻找如何做20%的努力并解决80%的机会。产品团队一直在做这样的权衡，其结果往往是在推出功能时，20%的客户和更复杂的用例没有得到支持。

Mental models are powerful, but their utility is limited to the contexts they were extrapolated from. To combat this, you shouldn’t rely on one or even a few mental models, you should instead be continuously building a latticework of mental models that you can draw from to make better decisions.

心智模式很强大，但它们的效用仅限于它们所推断的背景。为了解决这个问题，你不应该依赖一个甚至几个心理模型，而是应该不断地建立一个心理模型的格子，你可以从这些模型中吸取经验，做出更好的决定。

This concept was popularized by Charlie Munger, the famed Berkshire Hathaway vice chairman, in a speech where he reflected on how to gain wisdom:

这个概念是由著名的伯克希尔-哈撒韦公司副董事长查理-芒格在一次演讲中普及的，他在演讲中反思了如何获得智慧。

What is elementary, worldly wisdom? Well, the first rule is that you can’t really know anything if you just remember isolated facts and try and bang ’em back. If the facts don’t hang together on a latticework of theory, you don’t have them in a usable form.

什么是基本的、世俗的智慧？好吧，第一条规则是，如果你只是记住孤立的事实，并试图把它们打回原形，你就不可能真正知道任何事情。如果这些事实没有在理论的格子里挂在一起，你就没有可用的形式。

You’ve got to have models in your head. And you’ve got to array your experience — both vicarious and direct — on this latticework of models. You may have noticed students who just try to remember and pound back what is remembered. Well, they fail in school...