opsctl CLI Tool

Standalone CLI for asset management and remote operations without the GUI. All managed assets are stored in the desktop app — use list/get to discover targets and help <asset-or-type> for the registered type's current config/command contract. create asset --help discovers the registered built-in type set at runtime; do not maintain a separate supported-type list in automation.

Global Flags

• --data-dir <path> — Override app data directory
• --master-key <key> — Master encryption key (env: OPSKAT_MASTER_KEY)

Asset Resolution

Assets can be referenced by:

• Numeric ID: opsctl get asset 1
• Name: opsctl get asset web-server
• Group/Name path: opsctl get asset production/web-01
• Copied desktop ref: [web-01](opsctl://asset/1) or opsctl://asset/1 — always use the numeric id in the URI, not the display name

Type Assertions

When the asset type is known, always include a type assertion. This catches a target/type mismatch before policy checks, approval, or execution. Assertions never select the protocol: dispatch still comes from the asset record.

• Single command: opsctl exec <asset> --type <asset-type> -- <command>
• Positional batch: <asset-type>:<asset>:<command>
• JSON batch: include "type":"<asset-type>" on every known-type item

Prefer canonical asset types (ssh, database, redis, mongodb, etcd, kafka, k8s, serial). Compatibility aliases (exec, sql, mongo) are accepted, but canonical names make the AI's intent clear. Omit the assertion only when the type is genuinely unknown; use get asset to discover it first when practical.

Context Efficiency

Minimize output to save context window:

• Filter lists: opsctl list assets --type ssh --group-id 2 instead of unfiltered list assets when the target type/group is known.
• Targeted get: Use get asset <name> for a single asset instead of listing all then filtering.
• Batch over sequential: One opsctl batch call returns structured JSON — more compact than N separate exec outputs with shell overhead.
• Pipe to grep/head: When only partial output is needed, pipe remote commands: opsctl exec web --type ssh -- "tail -50 /var/log/app.log" instead of dumping entire logs.

Generic Asset Creation and Credentials

opsctl create asset --name <name> --type <type> --config '<JSON object>' accepts every registered built-in type. Use --config-file <path> instead for a JSON object file; the two inputs are mutually exclusive. Existing convenience flags (--host, --port, --username, --driver, K8s flags, etc.) remain compatible, and only explicitly supplied flags override non-secret config keys. Run opsctl help <type> for exact accepted fields and defaults.

--password is the only plaintext flag. Written bare it reads the secret from an interactive terminal without echo — you cannot use that form, because an agent session has no TTY and opsctl answers with exit code 3 and a NEEDS TTY marker. Pass the value instead (--password <value> or --password=<value>; a value starting with - requires the = form), or prefer --credential-id. --password <value> and plaintext inline --config expose values through argv (shell history, process listings, CI logs) and print a warning; when the user is at a terminal, hand them the bare---password command to run themselves rather than putting their secret in argv. Plaintext config files must use restrictive permissions, must not be committed, and should be removed after use. --credential-id <numeric-id> reuses an existing managed credential. Plaintext is encrypted inside the asset and never creates a credential; create managed credentials in the desktop key manager before referencing them. Secret sources conflict rather than override each other.

SSH Agent creation uses both --agent-source-id and --agent-key-fingerprint (or the corresponding config keys). Agent auth rejects password/private-key/credential inputs and does not require the Agent source to be online at save time.

Discover safe credential refs with:

opsctl list credentials [--type password|ssh_key|ssh_agent]
opsctl get credential credential:3
opsctl get credential agent-source:2

Detail lookup requires a typed ref; bare IDs are ambiguous. --credential-id for creation remains the numeric credential-row ID. These queries return metadata/status/usage only—no password, private key, passphrase, Agent endpoint, signing material, or full Agent public key.

Create flow is prevalidate/resolve → approval (terminal prompt when interactive, otherwise the desktop dialog) → asset transaction. A denied or failed create leaves no asset row committed; output/audit contains only safe metadata and an authentication reference only when an existing credential or Agent source is referenced.

Approval Mechanism

Most write operations require approval. Check order: permanent policy rules (the asset's own column, its group chain, and attached policy groups) → still-valid grants → human approval.

Approver selection: an interactive terminal (stdin and stderr both TTYs) prompts right there; otherwise the running desktop app shows its dialog; with neither available opsctl refuses with exit code 3 and a fixed marker on the first stderr line.

• Terminal prompt: single-kind operations offer [a] allow once / [p] allow always (writes a permanent rule through the same path as opsctl policy allow) / [d] deny; every other kind offers allow once / deny. Empty input, EOF, and Ctrl-C count as deny.
• Desktop dialog: concurrent requests queue into one dialog with "Approve All" / "Deny All"; "Remember" saves a 24-hour grant.
• Offline refusal: exec / cp / batch carry a subject a rule could match, so they stop with NEEDS AUTHORIZATION plus a paste-ready opsctl policy allow line. create / update / delete carry no subject — no rule can ever pre-authorize them — so they stop with NEEDS TTY; only a human can perform them (delete additionally has no "allow always").
• Pre-approve patterns: ask the user to run opsctl policy allow <targets> -- <patterns> in their own terminal — you cannot run it yourself (see references/commands.md).

Sessions

Sessions are internal: one is auto-created on the first write operation per data dir and reused afterwards; it expires after 24 hours. There is no CLI surface to manage it — --session, OPSKAT_SESSION_ID, and the session subcommands no longer exist. The desktop dialog's "Remember" saves a 24-hour grant scoped to that session; opsctl policy show lists still-valid grants.

Parallel Execution

Preferred: opsctl batch — Execute multiple commands against any asset type (ssh, database, redis, mongodb, etcd, kafka, k8s, ...) in a single invocation with one approval step for all need-confirm commands and parallel execution. This avoids approval race conditions and process-level failures.

# Args mode: mark every item whose type is known.
opsctl batch 'ssh:web-01:uptime' 'database:db-01:SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users' 'redis:cache:PING'

# JSON stdin mode (AI-friendly)
echo '{"commands":[
  {"asset":"web-01","type":"ssh","command":"uptime"},
  {"asset":"db-01","type":"database","command":"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users"},
  {"asset":"cache","type":"redis","command":"PING"}
]}' | opsctl batch

Output is structured JSON with per-command results (exit_code, stdout, stderr, error).

Alternative: Parallel sub-agents — For operations that batch doesn't support (e.g., cp, create), dispatch parallel sub-agents. When the desktop app is running it queues concurrent approval requests into a single dialog with "Approve All" / "Deny All" buttons; without it, each unapproved request stops with NEEDS AUTHORIZATION (exit 3).

Setup for sub-agents: Ensure approval is handled before parallelizing:

• Option A: Ask the user to run opsctl policy allow <targets> -- <patterns> in their own terminal for all targets upfront — all matching commands then auto-approve. (You cannot run policy allow yourself: write subcommands need an interactive terminal and stop with exit 3 / NEEDS TTY when called non-interactively.)
• Option B: Run one command first and let the user approve it with a lasting effect — in an interactive terminal "allow always" writes a permanent rule, and the desktop dialog's "Remember" saves a 24-hour grant — then subsequent matching commands auto-approve.

Parallelizable scenarios: batch init, same command on N servers, multi-target file transfers, independent database queries.

File Transfer

opsctl cp [-r] <source>... <destination> — an endpoint is a local path, an SSH server over SFTP (<asset>:/<path>), or object storage (<asset>:/<bucket>/<key>, leading slash required). Any combination of the two sides works, including server → object storage; at least one endpoint must be on an asset.

opsctl cp ./dump.sql.gz s3-prod:/backups/2026/dump.sql.gz   # local -> object storage
opsctl cp web-01:/var/log/app.log s3-prod:/logs/app.log     # server -> object storage
opsctl cp -r ./dist s3-prod:/releases/v2/                   # directory tree
opsctl cp 'web-01:/var/log/*.log' ./logs/                   # remote glob: quote it

• Recursive, glob, or several sources: the destination must end with /, and each entry lands at <destination>/<path relative to the source base>. Quote remote globs — an unquoted one is expanded by the local shell first.
• Approval: every asset endpoint is authorized separately under that asset's own policy, before any byte is transferred. Recursive/glob transfers approve the source and destination directory/object-prefix scopes before listing; files inside those scopes do not generate per-file approval items.
• Symlinks encountered during expansion are skipped and reported; the first failure aborts the rest.
• Both endpoints on the same object storage asset streams the object through this process. For a server-side copy use opsctl exec <asset> -- "object copy <bucket>/<key> --to=<bucket>/<key>".

Commands

Core commands: list, get, help, create, update, delete, ssh, exec, batch, cp, policy, ext, version.

For full command reference with flags and examples, see references/commands.md.

Init — Asset Environment Discovery

/opsctl:init — Auto-discover server environment via SSH and update asset descriptions. Supports single asset or batch group processing.

Error Handling

• User rejection (output contains "USER DENIED" or "denied: user denied"): Stop the entire task immediately. Report the denied command and wait for user instructions. Do NOT retry, work around, or continue with remaining steps.
• NEEDS AUTHORIZATION (first stderr line, exit code 3): No interactive terminal and the desktop app is unreachable, but a rule could authorize the subject. Stop, relay the opsctl policy allow ... line from the output verbatim to the user, and after the user has authorized, retry the original command. Do NOT run that authorization line yourself — it needs an interactive terminal and would itself fail with NEEDS TTY.
• NEEDS TTY (first stderr line, exit code 3): Only a human in a terminal can perform this (rule-writing commands, or create/update/delete, which carry no subject any rule could match). Stop and relay the original command to the user to run themselves. Do NOT retry — once the user runs it, the operation is already done; retrying performs it a second time (a retried create makes a duplicate asset). Confirm the outcome with a read-only command such as get asset.
• SSH connection failure: Report the error, check asset config with get asset. Do not retry blindly — ask user if host/credentials changed.
• Partial batch failure: batch returns per-command results. Report failed commands with their errors, summarize successes. Ask user how to proceed with failures.
• Command not found on remote: Suggest installing the missing tool or an alternative command. Do not assume package managers.

Common Workflows

Fleet Diagnostics

# Check disk/memory across all production servers
opsctl batch 'ssh:web-01:df -h && free -h' 'ssh:web-02:df -h && free -h' 'ssh:db-01:df -h && free -h'

Deploy Config → Restart Service

# 1. Pre-approve the operations (the user runs this in their own terminal;
#    an AI-invoked policy allow stops with exit 3 / NEEDS TTY)
opsctl policy allow web-01 web-02 -- 'tee /etc/app/config.yml' 'systemctl restart app'

# 2. Deploy (all auto-approved by the permanent rules)
cat config.yml | opsctl exec web-01 --type ssh -- tee /etc/app/config.yml
cat config.yml | opsctl exec web-02 --type ssh -- tee /etc/app/config.yml
opsctl batch 'ssh:web-01:systemctl restart app' 'ssh:web-02:systemctl restart app'

Cross-Environment Data Migration

# Export from staging, import to prod (direct streaming, no local disk)
opsctl exec staging-db --type ssh -- "mysqldump -u app dbname | gzip" > /tmp/dump.sql.gz
opsctl exec prod-db --type ssh -- "gunzip | mysql -u app dbname" < /tmp/dump.sql.gz

# Or query + transfer
opsctl exec staging-db --type database -- "SELECT * FROM config WHERE env='staging'"
opsctl cp staging:/var/backups/db.sql prod:/var/tmp/db.sql

Batch Server Setup

# Create assets → init discovery (use parallel sub-agents for create)
opsctl create asset --name web-03 --host 10.0.1.3 --username root --password="$WEB03_PASSWORD"
opsctl create asset --name web-04 --host 10.0.1.4 --username root --credential-id 4
# Then batch init with /opsctl:init --group <group-id>