Piece Output Schema Generator

An outputSchema turns a step's raw JSON output into a friendly, typed, labelled tree in the flow builder's data selector and output viewer — and a path map that LLM/MCP consumers use to find the fields that matter. This skill takes a piece from "raw JSON dump" to curated schemas across all its actions and triggers.

Read a shipped example before starting: packages/pieces/community/clickup/src/lib/output-schemas.ts is the richest; google-docs and google-calendar are readable smaller ones.

The mental model (read this first)

An outputSchema is a curated tree: at every level you describe, only the fields you list appear — their siblings are dropped. That is exactly how you keep the output clean.

• Omitting a field hides it. At the top level, only the fields in schema.fields render; undescribed root siblings are gone. Inside a described object (children) or array item (listItems), only the children you list render — the resolved value's other keys are dropped.
• Undescribed container drills, not hides. If you name a field but do not describe its inner shape (no children/listItems), the renderer drills the whole value generically (matrices → Row/Cell, arrays → list, objects → every key). Describe a container's useful inner fields, or leave the field off entirely — there is no way to name a container and show only some of its contents without listing them.
• What you're doing at each field: curate (drop config/headers/tokens/opaque bookkeeping), label for humans, attach a format (datetime, url, email, boolean, image, filesize, html, number, date, currency, duration) where one fits, and record the path so data selector and AI/MCP consumers can find it.

Because the schema describes what the action's run() returns (not the raw third-party API response), you must know the return shape before you can map paths. See capture-recipes.md.

Prerequisites

1. A running local dev instance (npm start / npm run dev). Dev pieces load from each piece's built dist/ — see capture-recipes.md if a piece doesn't appear.
2. A real, active connection for the target piece — OAuth sign-in, API key, or whatever the piece's auth type requires. The user provides credentials.
3. A piece not yet loaded as a dev piece gets its folder name appended to AP_DEV_PIECES.

Ask the user for the piece(s) and the connection to use before starting.

Workflow

Step 1 — Scope the piece

List the piece's actions and triggers (packages/pieces/community/<piece>/src/lib/{actions,triggers}). For each, decide whether it gets a schema using the table below.

Step 2 — Learn each step's return shape

Open the action/trigger's run() (and test() for triggers). Note whether it returns response.body, response.data, the full HTTP/Gaxios wrapper ({status, headers, body, config}), or a hand-built/transformed object. Never surface config or headers — config.headers.Authorization leaks the bearer token. The schema's top-level value paths are relative to this returned object.

Step 3 — Capture the REAL output

Run each step against the live connection and capture the exact output JSON. Full recipes in capture-recipes.md.

• Preferred: builder Test Step (UI, or drive it with the browser MCP), or the POST /v1/sample-data/test-step API once a flow with the step exists. Running the piece's own code delivers faithful output and lets the engine refresh OAuth tokens for you.
• Empty READ → WRITE first: if a list/search/get returns an empty payload because the account has no data, seed data by running the corresponding create/write action first, then chain the new id into the read's input and re-run. Never author a list schema from an empty [].

Step 4 — Curate and author the schema

Write the schema in packages/pieces/community/<piece>/src/lib/output-schemas.ts (create the file if absent). Full field reference, formats, labels, and wiring in schema-reference.md. The essentials:

• Keep only useful fields; drop config/headers/tokens and opaque bookkeeping.
• A field's value (the path) is optional and defaults to key. For a plain field, set key to the real JSON property name and omit value (the dominant shipped style); set value only to unwrap (body.*, data.*) or rename. See key vs value.
• Apply a format to every field where one fits (datetime, url, email, boolean, image, filesize, html, number, date, currency, duration).
• children / listItems paths are RELATIVE to the parent's value — this is the #1 correctness bug. owners[].displayName is described as a top-level field owners with a listItems child { key: 'displayName' }, NOT a child path of owners.displayName.
• Top-level array output → one wrapper field with value: '' + listItems, plus a schema-level itemLabel template (e.g. 'Row {row}').
• Maps with opaque/variable keys (e.g. per-calendar busy times) → dynamicKey: true.
• Add labelKey to lists/maps so items show a meaningful label; itemLabel for top-level arrays.
• Reuse shared field-sets — factor a repeated object shape (e.g. taskFields, a Drive fileFields) into a const and reference it from every action/trigger that returns it.

Step 5 — Validate every path

Resolve every field's value ?? key against the captured JSON at the correct scope — top-level against the root, children against the parent object, listItems against one array item. A path that doesn't resolve is a dead field; re-capture if the shape is ambiguous. For a piece with many schemas, verify each one adversarially — one sub-agent per schema, given only the schema and its captured payload, asked to find any path that fails to resolve.

Step 6 — Wire, version, build, lint

• Add outputSchema: <name> to each action/trigger object (or populate the trigger registration map — see schema-reference.md).
• Bump the piece's patch version in its package.json (every touched piece) — this is what forces cloud/self-hosted registries to re-ingest the fresh metadata.
• Rebuild the piece and reload the dev instance (capture-recipes.md); confirm the friendly tree renders in the builder.
• Run npm run lint-dev (or npx turbo run lint --filter=@activepieces/piece-<name>). Typecheck must be clean.

Verification checklist

• Every non-empty, non-generic action and every stable trigger has a schema (skips are deliberate per the table).
• Every schema was authored from real captured output, not documented/guessed shapes.
• children/listItems paths are relative; top-level array uses a value: '' wrapper + itemLabel.
• No config, headers, tokens, or auth secrets appear in any schema.
• Formats and labelKey/itemLabel applied where they help.
• Each touched piece's patch version bumped; build + lint-dev green; friendly tree verified in the builder.

Note: how the schema reaches the builder

outputSchema ships as part of the served piece metadata (dev pieces from dist/, published pieces from the registry). If a schema doesn't appear in the builder, confirm the piece's patch version was bumped and the piece was rebuilt + reloaded — that's the served metadata refreshing. Legacy servers older than #13983 stripped outputSchema during registry ingestion; irrelevant for current builds.

Related

• piece-builder skill — building pieces and the output-quality.md reference (shaping run() return values for table-readiness) complements this skill, which describes an existing return.
• Files: schema-reference.md · capture-recipes.md