Designing Tests

When to Load

• Trigger: Adding tests, test strategy planning, improving coverage, setting up testing infrastructure
• Skip: Non-test code changes where testing is not part of the task

Test Implementation Workflow

Copy this checklist and track progress:

Test Implementation Progress:
- [ ] Step 1: Identify what to test
- [ ] Step 2: Select appropriate test type
- [ ] Step 3: Write tests following templates
- [ ] Step 4: Run tests and verify passing
- [ ] Step 5: Check coverage meets targets
- [ ] Step 6: Fix any failing tests

Testing Pyramid

Apply the testing pyramid for balanced coverage:

        /\
       /  \     E2E Tests (10%)
      /----\    - Critical user journeys
     /      \   - Slow but comprehensive
    /--------\  Integration Tests (20%)
   /          \ - Component interactions
  /------------\ - API contracts
 /              \ Unit Tests (70%)
/________________\ - Fast, isolated
                   - Business logic focus

Framework Selection

JavaScript/TypeScript

Python

Go

Test Structure Templates

Unit Test

describe("[Unit] ComponentName", () => {
  describe("methodName", () => {
    it("should [expected behavior] when [condition]", () => {
      // Arrange
      const input = createTestInput();

      // Act
      const result = methodName(input);

      // Assert
      expect(result).toEqual(expectedOutput);
    });

    it("should throw error when [invalid condition]", () => {
      expect(() => methodName(invalidInput)).toThrow(ExpectedError);
    });
  });
});

Integration Test

describe("[Integration] API /users", () => {
  beforeAll(async () => {
    await setupTestDatabase();
  });

  afterAll(async () => {
    await teardownTestDatabase();
  });

  it("should create user and return 201", async () => {
    const response = await request(app)
      .post("/users")
      .send({ name: "Test", email: "test@example.com" });

    expect(response.status).toBe(201);
    expect(response.body.id).toBeDefined();
  });
});

E2E Test

import { test, expect } from "@playwright/test";

test.describe("[E2E] User Registration Flow", () => {
  test("should complete registration successfully", async ({ page }) => {
    await page.goto("/register");

    await page.getByTestId("email").fill("new@example.com");
    await page.getByTestId("password").fill("SecurePass123!");
    await page.getByTestId("submit").click();

    await expect(page.locator(".welcome-message")).toBeVisible();
    await expect(page).toHaveURL("/dashboard");
  });
});

Coverage Strategy

What to Cover

• ✅ Business logic (100%)
• ✅ Edge cases and error handling (90%+)
• ✅ API contracts (100%)
• ✅ Critical user paths (E2E)
• ⚠️ UI components (snapshot + interaction)
• ❌ Third-party library internals
• ❌ Simple getters/setters

Coverage Thresholds

Jest config shown; the Vitest equivalent is test.coverage.thresholds in vitest.config.

{
  "coverageThreshold": {
    "global": {
      "branches": 80,
      "functions": 80,
      "lines": 80,
      "statements": 80
    },
    "src/core/": {
      "branches": 95,
      "functions": 95
    }
  }
}

Test Data Management

Factories/Builders

// factories/user.js
export const userFactory = (overrides = {}) => ({
  id: faker.string.uuid(),
  name: faker.person.fullName(),
  email: faker.internet.email(),
  createdAt: new Date(),
  ...overrides,
});

// Usage
const admin = userFactory({ role: "admin" });

Fixtures

// fixtures/users.json
{
  "validUser": { "name": "Test", "email": "test@example.com" },
  "invalidUser": { "name": "", "email": "invalid" }
}

Mocking Strategy

When to Mock

• ✅ External APIs and services
• ✅ Database in unit tests
• ✅ Time/Date for determinism
• ✅ Random values
• ❌ Internal modules (usually)
• ❌ The code under test

Mock Examples

// API mocking with MSW
import { http, HttpResponse } from "msw";

export const handlers = [
  http.get("/api/users", () => {
    return HttpResponse.json([{ id: 1, name: "John" }]);
  }),
];

// Time mocking
vi.useFakeTimers();
vi.setSystemTime(new Date("2024-01-01"));

Test Validation Loop

After writing tests, run this validation:

Test Validation:
- [ ] All tests pass: `npm test`
- [ ] Coverage meets thresholds: `npm test -- --coverage`
- [ ] No flaky tests (run multiple times)
- [ ] Tests are independent (order doesn't matter)
- [ ] Test names clearly describe behavior

If any tests fail, fix them before proceeding. If coverage is below target, add more tests for uncovered code paths.

# Run tests
npm test

# Run with coverage
npm test -- --coverage

# Run specific test file
npm test -- path/to/test.spec.ts

# Run in watch mode during development
npm test -- --watch