Beutl FilterEffect implementation guide

Overview

FilterEffect is the base class for applying filter processing to an image. Implementations rely on SkiaSharp's SKImageFilter / SKColorFilter or on SKSL/GLSL shaders.

Implementation steps

1. Class definition

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using Beutl.Engine;
using Beutl.Language;

namespace Beutl.Graphics.Effects;

[Display(Name = nameof(Strings.YourEffectName), ResourceType = typeof(Strings))]
public sealed partial class YourEffect : FilterEffect
{
    public YourEffect()
    {
        ScanProperties<YourEffect>();  // Required: scan properties
        // Initialize EngineObject-typed properties here (see below)
    }

    // Property definitions

    public override void ApplyTo(FilterEffectContext context, FilterEffect.Resource resource)
    {
        var r = (Resource)resource;
        // Apply effects via context.XXX()
    }
}

Important: the partial keyword is required (a source generator emits the Resource class).

2. Property definition patterns

Animatable properties

Use Property.CreateAnimatable() for properties that support keyframe animation:

// Numeric property with a range
[Display(Name = nameof(Strings.Amount), ResourceType = typeof(Strings))]
[Range(0, float.MaxValue)]
public IProperty<float> Amount { get; } = Property.CreateAnimatable(100f);

// Size property
[Display(Name = nameof(Strings.Sigma), ResourceType = typeof(Strings))]
[Range(typeof(Size), "0,0", "max,max")]
public IProperty<Size> Sigma { get; } = Property.CreateAnimatable(Size.Empty);

// Color property
[Display(Name = nameof(Strings.Color), ResourceType = typeof(Strings))]
public IProperty<Color> Color { get; } = Property.CreateAnimatable(Colors.Transparent);

// Point property
[Display(Name = nameof(Strings.Position), ResourceType = typeof(Strings))]
public IProperty<Point> Position { get; } = Property.CreateAnimatable(new Point());

// Boolean / enum property
[Display(Name = nameof(Strings.ShadowOnly), ResourceType = typeof(Strings))]
public IProperty<bool> ShadowOnly { get; } = Property.CreateAnimatable(false);

Non-animatable properties

Use Property.Create() for static configuration values:

// String property (multi-line)
[Display(Name = nameof(Strings.Script), ResourceType = typeof(Strings))]
[DataType(DataType.MultilineText)]
public IProperty<string> Script { get; } = Property.Create("default value");

// EngineObject-typed property (Pen, Brush, Transform, Geometry, etc.)
[Display(Name = nameof(Strings.Stroke), ResourceType = typeof(Strings))]
public IProperty<Pen?> Pen { get; } = Property.Create<Pen?>();

Initializing EngineObject-typed properties

When Property.Create<T>() is used with a T that derives from EngineObject, do not pass a default value to the factory. Instead, set CurrentValue in the constructor after ScanProperties:

public YourEffect()
{
    ScanProperties<YourEffect>();
    // Initialize EngineObject-typed properties after ScanProperties
    Pen.CurrentValue = new Pen();
    Brush.CurrentValue = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.White);
    Transform.CurrentValue = new TranslateTransform();
}

[Display(Name = nameof(Strings.Stroke), ResourceType = typeof(Strings))]
public IProperty<Pen?> Pen { get; } = Property.Create<Pen?>();

[Display(Name = nameof(Strings.Fill), ResourceType = typeof(Strings))]
public IProperty<Brush?> Brush { get; } = Property.Create<Brush?>();

[Display(Name = nameof(Strings.Transform), ResourceType = typeof(Strings))]
public IProperty<Transform?> Transform { get; } = Property.Create<Transform?>();

List properties (IListProperty)

Use Property.CreateList<T>() to hold an EngineObject collection:

// List of FilterEffects (group effect)
public IListProperty<FilterEffect> Children { get; } = Property.CreateList<FilterEffect>();

// List of gradient stops (gradient brush)
public IListProperty<GradientStop> GradientStops { get; } = Property.CreateList<GradientStop>();

List operations:

// Add
Children.Add(new Blur());

// Insert
Children.Insert(0, new DropShadow());

// Remove
Children.RemoveAt(0);
Children.Clear();

Using lists in ApplyTo:

public override void ApplyTo(FilterEffectContext context, FilterEffect.Resource resource)
{
    var r = (Resource)resource;
    // r.Children is auto-generated as List<FilterEffect.Resource>
    foreach (FilterEffect.Resource child in r.Children)
    {
        child.GetOriginal().ApplyTo(context, child);
    }
}

Implementation example (FilterEffectGroup.cs):

[Display(Name = nameof(Strings.Group), ResourceType = typeof(Strings))]
public sealed partial class FilterEffectGroup : FilterEffect
{
    public FilterEffectGroup()
    {
        ScanProperties<FilterEffectGroup>();
    }

    public IListProperty<FilterEffect> Children { get; } = Property.CreateList<FilterEffect>();

    public override void ApplyTo(FilterEffectContext context, FilterEffect.Resource resource)
    {
        var r = (Resource)resource;
        foreach (FilterEffect.Resource item in r.Children)
        {
            item.GetOriginal().ApplyTo(context, item);
        }
    }
}

3. Implementing ApplyTo

Use the methods provided by FilterEffectContext to apply effects:

Built-in effects (see references/context_methods.md for the full list):

// Blur
context.Blur(sigma);

// Drop shadow
context.DropShadow(position, sigma, color);

// Color correction
context.Brightness(amount);
context.Saturate(amount);
context.HueRotate(degrees);

// Morphology
context.Dilate(radiusX, radiusY);
context.Erode(radiusX, radiusY);

// Transform
context.Transform(matrix, interpolationMode);

Custom effects:

context.CustomEffect(
    data: (param1, param2),
    action: (data, customContext) => {
        // customContext.Targets — access the render targets
        // customContext.CreateTarget() — create a new target
        // customContext.Open() — obtain a canvas
    },
    transformBounds: (data, bounds) => bounds
);

4. Localization

For the Beutl core: Add entries to src/Beutl.Language/Strings.resx and Strings.ja.resx.

For extension packages: Create your own resource files inside the extension project, or pass a literal string via the Display attribute:

// Use your own resource
[Display(Name = nameof(MyExtensionStrings.EffectName), ResourceType = typeof(MyExtensionStrings))]

// Or pass a literal string (when localization is not needed)
[Display(Name = "My Effect")]

Shader-based implementations

SKSL (SkiaShaderLanguage) pattern

Compile the shader in the static constructor and apply it through CustomEffect:

public partial class MosaicEffect : FilterEffect
{
    private static readonly SKRuntimeEffect? s_runtimeEffect;

    static MosaicEffect()
    {
        string sksl = """
            uniform shader src;
            uniform float2 tileSize;

            half4 main(float2 fragCoord) {
                float2 blockIndex = floor(fragCoord / tileSize);
                float2 sampleCoord = blockIndex * tileSize + tileSize * 0.5;
                return src.eval(sampleCoord);
            }
            """;

        s_runtimeEffect = SKRuntimeEffect.CreateShader(sksl, out string? errorText);
        if (errorText is not null)
        {
            // log it
        }
    }

    public override void ApplyTo(FilterEffectContext context, FilterEffect.Resource resource)
    {
        var r = (Resource)resource;
        context.CustomEffect(r.TileSize, OnApplyTo, static (_, bounds) => bounds);
    }

    private static void OnApplyTo(Size tileSize, CustomFilterEffectContext c)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < c.Targets.Count; i++)
        {
            EffectTarget target = c.Targets[i];
            using var image = target.RenderTarget!.Value.Snapshot();
            using var baseShader = SKShader.CreateImage(image);

            var builder = new SKRuntimeShaderBuilder(s_runtimeEffect);
            builder.Children["src"] = baseShader;
            builder.Uniforms["tileSize"] = tileSize.ToSKSize();

            var newTarget = c.CreateTarget(target.Bounds);
            using (SKShader shader = builder.Build())
            using (var paint = new SKPaint { Shader = shader })
            using (var canvas = c.Open(newTarget))
            {
                canvas.Clear();
                canvas.Canvas.DrawRect(
                    new SKRect(0, 0, target.Bounds.Width, target.Bounds.Height), paint);
            }
            target.Dispose();
            c.Targets[i] = newTarget;
        }
    }
}

Dynamic SKSL pattern

When the user can edit the script, compile it inside the Resource class:

public new partial class Resource
{
    internal SKRuntimeEffect? _runtimeEffect;
    internal string? _compiledScript;

    partial void PostUpdate(YourEffect obj, RenderContext context)
    {
        CompileScript(Script);
    }

    private void CompileScript(string script)
    {
        if (_compiledScript == script) return;

        _runtimeEffect?.Dispose();
        _compiledScript = script;

        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(script)) return;

        _runtimeEffect = SKRuntimeEffect.CreateShader(script, out string? errorText);
        // handle errors
    }

    partial void PostDispose(bool disposing)
    {
        _runtimeEffect?.Dispose();
    }
}

GLSL (Vulkan) pattern

Use the fragment shader on Vulkan-capable environments:

[Display(Name = nameof(Strings.Script), ResourceType = typeof(Strings))]
[DataType(DataType.MultilineText)]
public IProperty<string> FragmentShader { get; } = Property.Create("""
    #version 450

    layout(location = 0) in vec2 fragCoord;
    layout(location = 0) out vec4 outColor;

    layout(set = 0, binding = 0) uniform sampler2D srcTexture;

    layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
        float progress;
        float time;
        float width;
        float height;
    } pc;

    void main() {
        vec4 c = texture(srcTexture, fragCoord);
        outColor = c;
    }
    """);

Implementing as an extension

Project layout

MyExtension/
├── MyExtension.csproj
├── Effects/
│   └── MyCustomEffect.cs
└── Resources/
    ├── Strings.resx
    └── Strings.ja.resx

Namespace

namespace MyExtension.Effects;  // the extension's own namespace

[Display(Name = nameof(Strings.MyEffect), ResourceType = typeof(Strings))]
public sealed partial class MyCustomEffect : FilterEffect
{
    // ...
}

csproj reference

<ItemGroup>
  <PackageReference Include="Beutl.Extensibility" Version="x.x.x" />
</ItemGroup>

Implementation example

Effect with an EngineObject-typed property (StrokeEffect.cs):

public partial class StrokeEffect : FilterEffect
{
    public StrokeEffect()
    {
        ScanProperties<StrokeEffect>();
        Pen.CurrentValue = new Pen();  // initialize after ScanProperties
    }

    [Display(Name = nameof(Strings.Stroke), ResourceType = typeof(Strings))]
    public IProperty<Pen?> Pen { get; } = Property.Create<Pen?>();

    [Display(Name = nameof(Strings.Offset), ResourceType = typeof(Strings))]
    public IProperty<Point> Offset { get; } = Property.CreateAnimatable(default(Point));

    public override void ApplyTo(FilterEffectContext context, FilterEffect.Resource resource)
    {
        var r = (Resource)resource;
        context.CustomEffect((r.Offset, r.Pen), Apply, TransformBounds);
    }
}

File placement

Beutl core:

src/Beutl.Engine/Graphics/FilterEffects/YourEffect.cs

Extension package:

MyExtension/Effects/YourEffect.cs

About the Resource class

The source generator (EngineObjectResourceGenerator) emits a partial class Resource. Property values declared as IProperty<T> are copied onto this Resource class so they can be accessed thread-safely during rendering.

Extending the Resource class

When you need extra fields or hook logic, declare your own partial class Resource:

public new partial class Resource
{
    internal SKRuntimeEffect? _effect;

    partial void PostUpdate(YourEffect obj, RenderContext context)
    {
        // Additional update logic
    }

    partial void PostDispose(bool disposing)
    {
        _effect?.Dispose();
    }
}